https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/ Journal of Diplomatics Studies and Research en daily 1 Sat, 21 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 21 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242918.html https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242110.html Waqf, ,Tehran,, Waqf Expenditures, ,Qajar Era ,Social needs https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242111.html Joining and participating in the Jungle Movement was the final stage of Mirza Hossein Khan Kasmaei's political life. Mirza Hossein Khan Kasmaei, one of the pioneers of constitutionalist activities in Gilan, joined the ranks of constitutionalists from the very beginning. He played a significant role in the Gilan Revolution and the capture of the Rasht Governorate. Following the Russian Ultimatum, he was forced to leave Gilan and emigrate to France. Historical sources that address the events of the Jungle Movement refer to Mirza Hossein Khan Kasmaei as one of Mirza Kouchek Khan's companions. The present article aims to determine the exact time of Mirza Hossein Khan Kasmaei's presence and his joining of the Jungle Movement by examining archival documents and evidence through historical methodology. The obtained results indicate that, contrary to the assertions of some sources, Mirza Hossein Khan had joined this movement from its early days and was present alongside Mirza Kouchek Khan. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242112.html Objectives: Our goal in this research is to examine the Codicology and bibliographic elements of Qajar Bayaz, as well as to examine the most frequent content-related elements in the structure of the Qajar Bayaz under study. Research Method: The method of this research is a descriptive-survey method with qualitative content analysis.Achievements of the article: Among the 39 manuscripts with Bayaz structure and with the date of writing of the Qajar period, most of them are without an author and all of them are without a date of writing. And the subject of supplication has the most frequency among other subjects. Most of these Bayazes have no scribe and place of writing and their covers are often leather with tīmāj and without decoration. Also, in these Bayazes, the broken Nastaliq script is the most frequent compared to other scripts. And most of the time, their paper type is foreign. Most of the Bayaz are in the form of various materials collected from several sources or simply writings, and they were mainly in the form of booklets that accompanied the person on a journey, part of which was left without writing, to complete it during the journeys, and their content was diverse and varied. Because the Bayaz were mainly in the form of booklets that accompanied the person on a journey, and the use of Timaj covers was more widely used than other leather covers due to its flexibility, abundance, cheapness, and availability, they were not decorated. The use of Farangi paper was more widely used due to the prevalence of this type of paper in this period and its availability. The use of the Nastaliq script in these Bayaz was more widespread due to the position of this type of script in the Qajar period. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242114.html In the study of historical documents of Iran, the subject of marriage contracts has a special place. The two contracts that have been studied in this article are of the single-page type and belong to urban areas in northern Khorasan and were historically compiled during the Qajar period and during the years 1208 and 1233 AH. In this study, first the text of the contracts has been carefully reread, then the composition and structure of each specific document and various economic, legal, cultural, etc. information contained in these contracts have been extracted, classified and presented in the form of several tables.Objective: This article examines the form and content of these two contracts, which are personal and unique, in order to extract the valuable points contained in these documents and provide them to researchers.Research method: The research method in this article is descriptive. In this way, first, obtaining marriage documents and copying the contracts is considered. Then, the subject under discussion is described and finally, the different dimensions and angles of the marriage contracts are explained. The method of collecting information was library and documentary.Research findings: Comparative comparison of these two marriage contracts and attention to the political and economic role of the tribes and elements of Turks and Kurds in northern Khorasan in the early Qajar period can be effective in understanding the history of the local government of northern Khorasan in the Qajar period. The study of these two documents shows that; inter-tribal marriage with political goals was one of the methods that led to peaceful coexistence between the resident Turks and the immigrant Kurds in northern Khorasan and played a prominent role in the formation of the local government of the Shadlu tribe in Bojnourd. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242125.html Suicide is a phenomenon that has existed among different societies since ancient times. It has been a popular and common religious tradition among some ethnic groups, such as the Buddhist sect, and it has been condemned and considered a grave sin among Christian and Muslim religious communities. Durkheim's theory on suicide is one of the most prominent sociological theories about it. He considers this phenomenon to be a social phenomenon and has explained and explained the type of suicide depending on the conditions of each society. The main question is what trend has this phenomenon had in three historical periods from a quantitative and qualitative perspective? The aim is to recognize the changes in this phenomenon and its importance in preventing and controlling it in society based on a historical study of the trend of this phenomenon. Access to comprehensive and transparent sources about this harm in three historical periods of Iran has been a difficult and difficult task, considering the traditional and customary norms related to this harm; However, this research was conducted using available documentary data and old and new sources related to all three periods, and with a descriptive-analytical approach, it attempts to explain and clarify this phenomenon in these historical periods. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242126.html Bushehr has been of great importance throughout history, both politically and economically. Especially in terms of economy and commercial activities, this port, due to its special geographical location, namely, being located on the coastline of the Persian Gulf, has played an influential role in various historical periods, especially the Pahlavi period. During the Pahlavi period, due to the existence of the customs, Bushehr Port attracted various groups daily for large and small jobs. Alongside the wealthy merchants, there were other lower-class occupational groups who, despite their meager incomes, were engaged in activities and even prostitution. These groups played a very influential role in accelerating commercial affairs.This research attempts to examine the impact of the economic activities of the lower classes on the society of Bushehr during the Pahlavi period. The main question of this research is: What impact did the economic activities of the lower classes have on the social situation of Bushehr during the Pahlavi period? And its hypothesis is based on the fact that the economic activities of the lower groups, despite doing small jobs, had a great impact on Bushehr society during the Pahlavi period. The method on which this research is based is oral history and analysis of historical data obtained as well as unpublished documents. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242127.html The details of illustrations in illustrated manuscripts are influenced by various factors and are not only limited to Ferdowsi's narration of the story. Painters were considered to be educated artists who used other factors to make the drawing more attractive in addition to the main narration of the story. The painters who were engaged in drawing pictures for the commissioned copies of the court, although they drew these pictures for the king and kept the copy in the royal library, were influenced by popular literature in the details of some of the pictures. The points hidden in the subtleties of the illustrated manuscripts can be rooted in some popular attitudes to the stories of the Shahnameh, including the narratives of the Naqali scrolls. Two versions of the Herat school can be mentioned among the examples of this illustrated version that were influenced by the heritage of popular literature, especially the Naqali scrolls. These two versions are the versions of Baysonqori and Mohammad Jouki. In these two works, which are related to each other in terms of time, the painting of the killing of the white demon in Rostam's 7th Khan is one of the most famous paintings. In this painting, some details show the artist's influence from popular literature. In this article, considering one of the subtleties of this painting in the two mentioned versions, we have addressed the issue of the influence of the painter on the narrative of a scroll. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242128.html Document research and related scientific products have a special place in the humanities due to their identity functions and importance in the field of knowledge. Drawing the future horizons of documentary research depends on identifying the priorities and neglected aspects of such studies. In view of this, the following article, by adopting a qualitative meta-analysis approach, attempts to analyze the achievements and findings of documentary research in the 1990s. The present article, taking into account the criteria of centrality and quantity of documents in articles published in the 1990s, seeks to identify the most important achievements as well as the gaps and shortcomings of the aforementioned research. The findings of this study show that, in terms of subject matter, case studies have been conducted in two axes with a historical approach and the issues of management, preservation, and standardization of archival documents. The findings of this study indicate a lack of application of theoretical foundations and a lack of focus on training in document reading and document research skills. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242129.html Dates are the main agricultural product of the southern regions of Iran, which have long played a vital role in the livelihood of palm growers and the economy of the region. Simultaneously with the establishment of the Pahlavi government and the nationalization of foreign trade with the Soviet Union in 1920, the trade of the northern regions of Iran with the Soviet Union was disrupted and caused great losses to the farmers and merchants of northern Iran. After the establishment of Reza Shah Pahlavi, foreign trade was taken into consideration and efforts were made to compensate for the damage caused. With this aim, paying special attention to dates as a strategic product of the southern regions of Iran. It was one of the first actions of the government to organize the existing situation according to the suggestions and recommendations of the local authorities of Khouzestan province. the government of Iran supported the palm growers in the south. From the summer of 1928/1307, he applied facilities such as exempting foreign buyers of dates from paying taxes. During the Second World War, there was a shortage of food in Iran. As a result, the export of dates from the ports of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman was banned. After the war, the government of Mohammad Reza Shah allowed the export of dates only from Khorramshahr and Bandar Shahpour, and it was possible to export from Bandar Abbas and Minab city only if there was a surplus of dates. The present article, with a descriptive-analytical research method based on the National Archives of Iran documents, examines the above issue. it will evaluate the efforts of Iranian governments to develop the export of dates and the political and economic challenges of the Pahlavi period. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242130.html Many studies have addressed the social function of endowments, but the political and economic dimensions of the endowment phenomenon during the Qajar period have received less attention. This article examines the connection between the political structure of the Qajar period and the phenomenon of endowment. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the political and economic functions of endowments and, based on the historical analysis of endowment deeds, answer the question of what factors drove political elites to extensively endow their assets. The research findings show that many of these individuals endowed all or part of their assets on the brink of their dismissal, and in these circumstances, endowment served not only as a tool to legitimize their social position but also as a means to protect their assets from confiscation. It seems that Qajar officials, on the verge of being removed from power, saw endowment as a tool to preserve their social and economic power and used endowments to maintain their influence. The main sources for this research include endowment deeds and memoirs of political figures. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242132.html Being familiar with the types of documents and how to extract historical information from them is one of the most important tasks of historians. Most of the documents used by historians are written and in the form of administrative documents, biographies, letters, maps, etc. However, in the last hundred years, with the invention of photography, cinema, radio, and television, a large amount of cultural, political, and social information about important events and the lives of ordinary people has been recorded and preserved in audio and video form, which historians refer to for research on some contemporary political, cultural, and social issues. However, it must be said that the use of these documents requires the use of validation and analysis methods different from common written documents. In this article, an attempt is made to classify the types of audio and video documents in historical research, and to use the descriptive-analytical method to apply specific research methods for audio and video content, such as quantitative and qualitative content analysis, discourse analysis, semiotics, etc. https://www.sanadshenasi.ir/article_242133.html During the Qajar period, and especially during the Nasseri era, Iran entered a new stage in terms of economy and trade. At this time, one of the areas that was taken into consideration was the Persian Gulf, its coasts, ports and islands such as the Hormuz Peninsula, which was considered by foreign and domestic traders due to its location and facilities. One of the traders who was involved in political, economic and social activities in this island and other areas of the Persian Gulf during that period was Moein al-Tojar Bushehri. With his high political, economic and social influence and authority, he was able to obtain, in addition to receiving privileges such as the Nasseri Company, the North Oil Company, the import of electric and spinning and weaving machinesHe also made a lot of profit with the investments he made in this field. The purpose of the present research is to investigate and explain the role of Moein al-Tojar in obtaining the Hormuz Red Soil concession and the role of those mines in the commercial economy of the Persian Gulf and Iran during the Qajar period. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and using library and document resources, seeks to answer the question of what importance did Moein al-Tojar's receipt of the Hormuz Red Soil concession have in the economy and foreign trade of the Persian Gulf, especially during the Nasserite period? The research findings show that the acquisition of the Hormuz Red Soil concession was achieved through the political and economic influence of Moein al-Tojar's efforts against foreign competitors such as the British government, and led to an increase in commercial and industrial investment, the prosperity of foreign trade, and the expansion of security and the maintenance of national sovereignty over the ports and islands of the Persian Gul.